Diagnostic significance of alanine aminotransferase isoenzymes in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver cancers
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) expression is highly elevated in the serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the role of ALT isoenzymes in the total ALT activity remains unclear. In the present study, we systematically investigated the role of ALT isoenzymes in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of ALT1 and ALT2 at the mRNA and protein levels in 25 paired primary liver cancer tissues was detected by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Serum ALT activity was determined using an automated biochemical analyzer. RESULTS: The mRNA and protein expression levels of ALT1 and ALT2 were lower in the tissues of alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver cancers than in the paracancerous tissues. Notably, ALT2 was highly expressed in non-alcoholic fatty liver cancer tissues compared with alcoholic fatty liver cancer tissues. Total serum ALT activity was mainly contributed by ALT1 in alcoholic fatty liver cancer, whereas ALT1 contributed only marginally more to the total ALT activity than ALT2 in non-alcoholic fatty liver cancer. ALT2/ALT1 ratio can well discriminate normal control group, alcoholic liver cancer and non-alcoholic liver cancer. CONCLUSION: ALT1 contributed more to the total ALT activity than ALT2 in both alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver cancer. Serum ALT2 to ALT activity was higher in non-alcoholic fatty liver cancer than that in alcoholic fatty liver cancer. ALT2/ALT1 ratio has some diagnostic significance for alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver cancer.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it