Colossal C<sub>130</sub> Fullertubes: Soluble [5,5] C<sub>130</sub>-D<sub>5h</sub>(1) Pristine Molecules with 70 Nanotube Carbons and Two 30-Atom Hemifullerene End-caps
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report the seminal experimental isolation and DFT characterization of pristine [5,5] C 130 -D 5h (1) fullertubes. This achievement represents the largest soluble carbon molecule obtained in its pristine form. The [5,5] C 130 species is the highest aspect ratio fullertube purified to date and now surpasses the recent gigantic [5,5] C 120 -D 5d (1). In contrast to C 90, C 100, and C 120 fullertubes, the longer C 130 -D 5h has more nanotubular carbons (70) than end-cap fullerenyl atoms (60). Starting from 39,393 possible C 130 isolated pentagon rule (IPR) structures and after analyzing polarizability, retention time, and UV–vis spectra, these three layers of data remarkably predict a single candidate isomer and fullertube, [5,5] C 130 -D 5h (1). This structural assignment is augmented by atomic resolution STEM data showing distinctive and tubular “pill-like” structures with diameters and aspect ratios consistent with [5,5] C 130 -D 5h (1) fullertubes. The high selectivity of the aminopropanol reaction with spheroidal fullerenes permits facile separation and removal of fullertubes from soot extracts. Experimental analyses (HPLC retention time, UV–vis, and STEM) were synergistically used (with polarizability and DFT property calculations) to down select and confirm the C 130 fullertube structure. Achieving the isolation of a new [5,5] C 130 -D 5h fullertube opens the door to application development and fundamental studies of electron confinement, fluorescence, and metallic character for a fullertube series of molecules with systematic tubular elongation. This [5,5] fullertube family also invites comparative studies with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), nanohorns (SWCNHs), and fullerenes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".