Effect of short-term, climate-driven sediment deposition on tectonically controlled alluvial channel incision
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Debate about relations between rates of fluvial incision and time (the “Sadler effect”) continues, impeding the use of incision rates to infer tectonic and climatic processes. There is a dearth of detailed field evidence that can be used to explore the coupling between tectonics and climate in controlling alluvial channel geometry and incision rates over time scales of 102–105 yr. We present field data from the Rumei watershed of southeast Tibet, which we obtained by mapping and dating late Pleistocene (ca. 135 ka) fluvial terraces and related channels, measuring channel hydraulic geometry, and calculating channel steepness indexes and incision rates. The evidence indicates that climate forcing is the main driver of sediment production and delivery to streams in the watershed. New aggradation events altered alluvial valley and channel geometry and, coupled with tectonic uplift, affected the rate of channel incision in the catchment. We propose a conceptual model that links uplift-driven incision (II) to channel aggradation induced by climate change, which is valid in catchments and other areas. We conclude that the reduction in incision depth caused by climate-driven channel aggradation is significant on short time scales (102–105 yr), and its cumulative effect contributes to the “Sadler effect” on long time scales (>106 yr).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".