D‐Orbital Manipulated Ru Nanoclusters for High‐Efficiency Overall Water Splitting at Industrial‐Level Current Densities
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Owing to the Pt‐like electrocatalytic capability and moderate price, Ru‐based catalysts are considered as the Pt alternatives for electrochemical water splitting. However, they demonstrate limited catalytic performance under industrial‐level current densities. Herein, a novel electrocatalyst with an extremely low amount (0.85 wt.%) of Ru nanoclusters anchored on Cr‐doped Fe‐metal–organic frameworks (Ru@Cr─FeMOF) through a robust Cr─O─Ru bond is presented. The study unveils that such an architecture facilitates fast electron transfer and manipulates the highest occupied d orbital and d‐band centers of Ru sites, favoring both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysis. The as‐prepared catalyst performs excellent reaction activity of 21 mV@10 mA cm −2 for HER and 230 mV@50 mA cm −2 for OER in alkaline solution, and realizes excellent water‐splitting performance at industrial‐level current densities (1.72 V@1000 mA cm −2 ), surpassing the state‐of‐the‐art literatures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it