Atlantic Herring (<i>Clupea harengus</i>) in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean: Dynamics of Nested Population Components under Several Harvest Regimes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus L., is an abundant marine fish species with a distribution that encompasses coastal and continental shelf regions on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean. Herring are pelagic, and individuals usually aggregate in schools and can form mammoth shoals during the spawning and overwintering seasons. Herring are considered “population rich” (Sinclair 1988) in that they form many populations or population “complexes” within their transoceanic distribution, including a number of separate populations in Canadian jurisdictional waters (Iles and Sinclair 1982, Stephenson et al. 2001). Iles and Sinclair (1982) have suggested that geographically stable oceanographic features serve as larval retention areas and determine the distribution of herring populations. These features may serve additionally as incomplete barriers to larval exchange among major population complexes. Herring populations may mix during overwintering and feeding seasons, but then separate during the spawning period. Adults return to discrete spawning areas, some of which are used every year and others only occasionally, and deposit eggs directly upon the seabed. Spawners are considered to exhibit a fair degree of interannual fidelity to specific spawning grounds and, thus, are presumed to “home” to their natal spawning areas (e.g., Iles and Sinclair 1982, Sinclair 1988). McQuinn (1997) proposed that this benthic spawning distribution and population dynamics of the Atlantic herring fit within the metapopulation concept. Ware and Schweigert (2001) used a metapopulation approach to model the structure and dynamics of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi), a closely related species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".