Yellowtail Flounder (<i>Limanda ferruginea</i>) off the Northeastern United States: Implications of Movement among Stocks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Models and assessments of fishery resources typically assume that fish stocks are closed populations (i.e., that there is neither immigration nor emigration). In reality, some exchange among stocks often occurs, yet the implications of such exchanges have rarely been investigated. Yellowtail flounder, Limanda ferruginea, is an example of a fish species for which such movement has been documented (Royce et al. 1959, Lux 1963). The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate the use of the RAMAS Metapop model (v. 4.0) as an exploratory tool to investigate the consequences of exchanges among stocks for the population dynamics of yellowtail flounder. Yellowtail flounder is one of the most important commercially exploited groundfish off the northeastern United States. It inhabits relatively shallow waters (20–100 m) in the northwest Atlantic from Labrador to the Chesapeake Bay. Spawning occurs in spring and early summer. The pelagic egg and larval stages last about 2 months, during which time they can be transported considerable distances by currents. Postlarval juveniles and adults are benthic and feed primarily on small arthropods and polychaete worms (Bigelow and Schroeder 1953, Collette and Klein-MacPhee 2002).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".