Determinants of Hand Washing Practices and Diarrhea Prevention among Mothers of Under-Five Children in Ibadan, Nigeria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Childhood diarrhea is the third-leading paediatric, diagnosed in hospitals and causes nearly one-quarter of under-five death in Nigeria. Morbidity and mortality for children through diarrhea are influenced by poor hygiene practices including poor hand washing. Thus this study examines the practice of hand ‘washing by mothers as a preventive mechanism against diarrhea experience among children under age five. A pretested standardized questionnaire was administered to 600 mothers of children under age five and complimented with eight sessions of in-depth interview (IDI) conducted among mothers in Ibadan metropolis. Overall, about 58% of the mothers were within 30-39 years of’ age range, 11% had no formal education, about 31% reported diarrhea experience for their children 2 weeks before the survey while 84.5% of them sought hospital care during diarrhea episodes. Respondents reportedly drank water from stream (8.7%) and used faecal disposals (91.5%) different front water closet. hand washing after toilet use was reportedly common to all the respondents: 24,3% washed their hands with water only, while 35% reportedly washed their hands occasionally. Only 33.5% reportedly got information on hand washing practices from health workers. Education and income of the respondents influenced adoption of frequent hand washing practices (p<0.05), The study suggests focused health education for mothers through the media 011the importance of frequent hand washing practices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".