Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Throughout the seventeenth century and into the eighteenth, Britain and France both colonized in North America. Britain, arriving first, occupied territory stretching along the eastern coast of the continent, while France was obliged to accept the less productive area of modern Canada. The northern territory had its economic benefits, however, and the French made large profits on furs and fishing. The British American colonists, however, also claimed the waters that the French fished, so not only the fishing rights but also the resulting supply of dried fish to European markets resulted in intense colonial rivalry. European wars had their North American aspects. After the War of the Spanish Succession ended with the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, France’s King Louis XIV decided to build a strong fort on the Ile Royale (modern Cape Breton Island) to act as a base for French shipping and protection for the mouth of the St. Lawrence River. Thus was Louisbourg conceived and born. Construction began in 1720 and went on in a haphazard fashion for the next twenty years. At its completion, it was hailed as the Gibraltar of North America, but it suffered in the years immediately following from poor maintenance, insufficient artillery, and a less than enthusiastic population. The garrison was made up of French marines and Swiss mercenaries, neither possessing high morale.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.095 | 0.024 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".