Selective Recognition of Quaternary Ammonium Cations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Selective recognition of ammonium cations fundamentally relies on their degree of substitution. In biological systems, proteins can preferentially bind more substituted ammonium cations over less substituted homologues. To date, a general methodology to mimic this behavior remains elusive as synthetic hosts principally observe the inverse order (i.e., 1°>2°>3°>4°). Here we show that, through combining supramolecular recognition with solid-phase abstraction, we can overturn the canonical order of synthetic receptor selectivity across a diverse range of ammonium cation scaffolds. Quaternary ammonium cations access a lower energy solid-state than tertiary counterparts through multipoint binding to an adaptive array of isostructural BINOL·counterion networks. The preferential abstraction of quaternary ammonium cations from mixtures of homologous cations proceeds under thermodynamic control with excellent selectivity and remains operative even under aqueous conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".