Bibliographic record
Abstract
Presence of Aleutian mink disease virus (AMDV) was tested in 466 wild animals of 12 furbearing species that were trapped in 10 Nova Scotia counties. DNA was extracted from cell-free spleen homogenates by magnetic beads and presence of the virus was tested for by PCR using two primer pairs, each with three DNA volumes. Anti-viral antibodies in spleen homogenates were also tested by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) in duplicate. Positive PCR or CIEP samples were detected in 96.9% of 64 mink, 70.5% of 61 weasels, 25.0% of 8 skunks, 18.2% of 11 otters, 10.6% of 85 raccoons and 10.0% of 20 bobcats. Samples of six fishers, 24 coyotes, 25 red foxes, 58 beavers, 45 squirrels and 59 muskrats were negative. Anti-viral antibodies were detected in 16 (25%) of the mink and one of the skunk samples, possibly due to the low antibody titer in spleen homogenates. All CIEP positive animals were also PCR positive, except for three mink and one skunk which were PCR negative. This observation could be the manifestation of persistent antibody production and short-lived viral replication which are signatures of AMDV pathogenesis. The numbers of samples amplified by the two primer pairs were significantly different, suggesting that PCR amplification failure of CIEP positive animals could be the result of differences in the sequence of viruses circulating in different animals. The results imply that the combination of CIEP and PCR using multiple primers would increase the accuracy of detecting AMDV exposure in wild animal species. Infected animals were present in all counties from which samples were collected. The high proportion of animals of so many species across the province carrying AMDV has important epidemiological ramifications and could pose a serious threat to ranched mink as well as susceptible wild animal species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".