Mega‐Tidal and Surface Flooding Controls on Coastal Groundwater and Saltwater Intrusion Within Agricultural Dikelands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Climate change will increase sea levels, driving saltwater into coastal aquifers and impacting coastal communities and land use viability. Coastal aquifers are also impacted by tides that control groundwater‐ocean interactions and maintain an “upper saline plume” (USP) of brackish groundwater. Coastal dikes are designed to limit the surface impacts of high‐amplitude tides, but, due to ongoing sea‐level rise (SLR), low‐lying dikelands and underlying aquifers are becoming increasingly vulnerable to flooding from high tides and storm surges. This study combines field observations with numerical modeling to investigate ocean‐aquifer mixing and future saltwater intrusion dynamics in a mega‐tidal (tidal range >8 m) dikeland along the Bay of Fundy in Atlantic Canada. Field data revealed strong connectivity between the ocean and coastal aquifer, as evidenced by pronounced tidal oscillations in deeper groundwater heads and an order of magnitude intra‐tidal change in subsurface electrical resistivity. Numerical model results indicate that SLR and surges will force the migration of the USP landward, amplifying salinization of freshwater resources. Simulated storm surges can overtop the dike, contaminating agricultural soils. The presence of dikes decreased salinization under low surge scenarios, but increased salinization under larger overtopping scenarios due to landward ponding of seawater behind the dike. Mega‐tidal conditions maintain a large USP and impact aquifer freshening rates. Results highlight the vulnerability of terrestrial soil landscapes and freshwater resources to climate change and suggest that the subsurface impacts of dike management decisions should be considered in addition to protection measures associated with surface saltwater intrusion processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".