263 Dietary Supplementation of Tryptophan, Threonine, and Methionine Improves the Growth and Immune Status for Lighter Body Weight Pigs But Not for Heavier Pigs Under a Sanitary Challenge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Great variability in growth performance and blood metabolites is observed between animals and within the same group. This variation may exist between individuals due to the initial body weight (BW) which may determine different abilities to cope with a sanitary challenge (SC). Besides, supplementing tryptophan (Trp), threonine (Thr), and methionine (Met) above NRC requirements supports the immune system and growth performance costs during a SC. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of initial BW on changes in body composition, and blood metabolites of growing pigs housed under poor SC and receiving Trp, Thr, and Met at 100 or 120% of NRC recommended levels. Twenty gilts were categorized into two groups according to initial BW: light (22.5 ± 0.8 kg) and heavy (28.5 ± 1.0 kg). Both BW groups were group-housed for a 28-d trial. Pigs were orally inoculated with 2 × 109 CFU of Salmonella typhimurium, and manure from a commercial pig farm was spread on the floor. Two dietary treatments were provided: control (CN) or supplemented (AA+) diet with Trp, Thr, and Met:Lysine 20% above the NRC (2012) requirements. Serum albumin and urea, along with BW were measured on days 0, 14, and 28. Body composition was estimated by dual-energy X-ray densitometry on days 0, and 28 to obtain protein (BP, % of BW) and lipid (BL, % of BW) masses. A linear mixed regression considering repeated measures in time was used to compare the slopes of the BW groups, day, and their interaction within dietary treatments. The BW and BP increased, whereas BL decreased with time (P < 0.10; Table 1). However, light pigs had greater BL than heavy pigs (P < 0.10). Dietary treatment influenced BW differently, and BL changes over time within BW groups (Figure 1). Light pigs fed the CN diet had a faster decrease in BL and a slower increase in BW over time than heavy pigs (P < 0.10), which was not observed in pigs fed AA+ diet. Light pigs fed CN diet had greater serum urea than heavy pigs (P < 0.10), with no differences for pigs fed AA+ diet. No changes in serum albumin were observed between BW within diets. Heavier pigs tend to adapt and cope better under a SC and may not need AA supplementation above the requirement. On the other hand, increasing AA improved ability of lighter pigs to cope with the SC allowing for a greater growth potential under a poor SC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".