216 Alternative Trace Mineral Supplementation Strategies for Beef Cattle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study evaluated an injectable trace mineral (ITM) source containing Cu, Mn, Se, and Zn (Multimin90) administered to gestating beef cows receiving a free-choice 2:1 mineral supplementation. Two hundred and eight multiparous and primiparous cross-bred cows (BW = 621 kg ± 96.6 kg; avg. 4 yr. old) were randomly allotted into one of two treatments and received either i) ITM + inorganic, granular 2:1 trace mineral free-choice; or ii) inorganic, granular 2:1 trace mineral free-choice alone (CON). A cross-over design was used for the study and cows in year 2 (n = 202) were allocated to the other treatment group. The ITM was administered at 4 weeks pre-calving and 4 weeks pre-breeding. Body weight and body condition score (BCS) were evaluated at injection times and pregnancy diagnosis using a weigh scale and a 5-point BCS scale (Lowman et al., 1976). Mineral status was determined from blood serum mineral concentration at 4 weeks pre-calving, 4 weeks pre-breeding, and at pregnancy diagnosis. Cows grazed grass-legume pastures in the summer and had access to dugout and well water sources. Cows were managed as two groups during spring and while on summer pasture during a 63-day breeding season until weaning. Serum blood mineral concentrations at 4 weeks pre-calving, 4 weeks pre-breeding, and pregnancy diagnosis did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatment groups. Copper conetrations at pregnancy diagnosis tended (P = 0.09) to be greater for the ITM cows compared with CON cows. At 4 weeks pre-calving and pregnancy diagnosis, Cu and Mn concentrations were numerically greater in the ITM group compared with the CON group. There were no significant results (P > 0.05) for cow BW, BCS, and days pregnant. Over 2-yr, pregnancy rates were 93.6% and 88.6% for the ITM and CON cows, respectively. Calves born to ITM and CON cows did not differ (P > 0.05) for birth weight, Julian birth date, age at weaning, average daily gain, or adjusted 205 d wean weight. However, CON calves tended (P = 0.07) to be heavier at weaning. Study findings suggest that administering an ITM source to beef cows does not improve cow and calf performance, which suggests that more research in this area is required. Additionally, pregnancy rates in beef cattle may be improved with the use of an injectable trace mineral.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".