Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan Film Incorporated with ZnO and Patchouli Oil for Food Packaging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate and analyze a chitosan-based film incorporating ZnO and patchouli oil, and to elucidate its physicochemical and bioactive properties.The film was synthesized via the phase inversion method, utilizing 1 g of chitosan, 0.15 g of ZnO, and 0.25 mL of patchouli oil.An enhancement in the mechanical properties of the resultant film was observed, with the tensile strength escalating from an initial 2.59 kgf/mm 2 to 25.28 kgf/mm 2 .Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy affirmed the successful integration of ZnO and patchouli oil within the chitosan matrix.X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses indicated a decrease in the crystallinity of the chitosan film post-addition of ZnO and patchouli oil.Furthermore, the modified chitosan film exhibited augmented antibacterial activity, with the inhibition zone diameters against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli expanding from 0 mm to 7.75 mm and 9.55 mm, respectively.Practical application of this chitosan-ZnO-patchouli oil film as a cover for grapes demonstrated its efficacy in preserving the freshness of the fruit over an extended period in comparison to conventional plastic.The results suggest that this modified chitosan film presents potential as a novel, natural, high-strength, antibacterial packaging material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".