Evaluation of Lactose Level Intake and Whey Permeate Form on Nursery Pig Performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A total of 1,512 pigs (Line 337 × 1050 PIC; initially 10.4 lb) were used to evaluate lactose level and whey permeate form on nursery pig performance in a commercial environment. Pigs were weaned at approximately 19 d of age and were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial utilizing low or high lactose levels with either granular whey permeate (Dairylac 80, International Ingredients Corporation, Fenton, MO) or spray-dried whey permeate. There were 27 pigs per pen and 14 replications per treatment. Pigs were fed experimental diets in two phases with phase 1 having a 5 lb/pig feed budget and phase 2 having a 12 lb/pig feed budget. The low lactose diets consisted of 10.0 and 4.13% whey permeate for phases 1 and 2, respectively, and targeted a total lactose intake of 0.80 lb/pig. The high lactose diets consisted of 20.0 and 8.25% whey permeate for phases 1 and 2, respectively, and targeted a total lactose intake of 1.60 lb/pig. Following experimental diets, all pigs were fed a common corn-soybean meal-based diet until the completion of the study. There were no lactose level × whey permeate form interactions for the duration of the study (P > 0.10). For main effects of lactose level, pigs fed high lactose levels had increased (P ≤ 0.024) ADFI compared to pigs fed low lactose levels from d 7 to 21 and the experimental period (d 0 to 21). For main effects of whey permeate form, overall (d 0 to 42) pigs fed spray-dried whey permeate had improved (P = 0.041) feed efficiency compared to pigs fed granular whey permeate. There were no differences in mortality or removals between treatments (P > 0.10). In conclusion, this study suggests a lactose intake of 1.60 lb/pig increases feed intake compared to a lactose intake of 0.80 lb/pig during the experimental period regardless of whey permeate form. Additionally, spray-dried whey permeate improved feed efficiency regardless of the lactose level fed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".