Supramaximal Testing to Confirm the Achievement of VO2max in Acute Hypoxia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT To confirm maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ), a bout of supramaximal exercise can be performed after maximal exercise. Supramaximal exercise verifies V̇O 2max if the V̇O 2max is similar to the incremental test. Acute hypoxia decreases V̇O 2max because of decreases in arterial oxygenation, which results in different determinants of V̇O 2max . Purpose We sought to determine if supramaximal exercise testing confirms the achievement of V̇O 2max in acute hypoxia. We hypothesized that the incremental and supramaximal V̇O 2 will be sufficiently similar in acute hypoxia. Methods Twenty-one healthy adults (males n = 13, females n = 8) completed incremental and supramaximal exercise tests in normoxia and acute hypoxia (fraction inspired oxygen = 0.14) separated by at least 48 h. Incremental exercise started at 80 and 60 W in normoxia and 40 and 20 W in hypoxia for males and females, respectively, with all increasing by 20 W each minute until volitional exhaustion. After a 20-min postexercise rest period, a supramaximal test at 110% peak power until volitional exhaustion was completed. Results Supramaximal exercise testing yielded a lower V̇O 2 than incremental testing in hypoxia (3.11 ± 0.78 vs 3.21 ± 0.83 L·min −1 , P = 0.001) and normoxia (3.71 ± 0.91 vs 3.80 ± 1.02 L·min −1 , P = 0.01). Incremental and supramaximal V̇O 2 were statistically similar, using investigator-determined equivalence bounds ±150 mL·min −1 , in hypoxia ( P = 0.02, 90% confidence interval [CI] = 0.05–0.14) and normoxia ( P = 0.03, 90% CI = 0.01–0.14). Likewise, using ±2.1 mL·kg −1 ·min −1 bounds, incremental and supramaximal V̇O 2 values were statistically similar in hypoxia ( P = 0.04, 90% CI = 0.70–2.0) and normoxia ( P = 0.04, 90% CI = 0.30–2.0). Conclusions Despite differences in the oxygen cascade, incremental and supramaximal V̇O 2 values were statistically similar in both hypoxia and normoxia, demonstrating the utility of supramaximal verification of V̇O 2max in the setting of acute hypoxia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".