Preparation and performance study of functional polymer with self demulsifying
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In polymer flooding, the residual polymer in the produced fluid can increase the stability of crude oil emulsion, thereby negatively affecting the demulsification process. Therefore, a polymer that has no effect on the stability of crude oil emulsion is required. Herein, a polymerizable monomer with a demulsification function (MD) was synthesized and then copolymerized with acrylamide, acrylic acid, and 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid to prepare a novel copolymer (self‐demulsifying polymer, PDM). The dissolution time, solution viscosity, shear resistance, static adsorption on quartz sand, and the effect on the crude oil emulsion stability of PDM were compared with those of regular polyacrylamide (PAM). Experimental results showed that owing to the steric hindrance effect of MD, the molecular weight of PDM was lower than that of PAM. Both polymers exhibited satisfactory solubility, solution viscosity, shear resistance, and static adsorption, which can meet the requirements of polymer for use in oil displacement. However, in contrast to PAM, PDM had no negative effect on the crude oil emulsion stability. This study provides a new solution to the problem of increased crude oil emulsion stability in polymer flooding.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".