Index

Citation (2023), "Index", Tripathy, K.K., Kumari, S., Venkatesh, V.G., Jayalakshmi, R. and Sukumaran Nair, M.P. (Ed.) World Healthcare Cooperatives: Challenges and Opportunities, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 213-222. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80455-774-720231012 Publisher: Emerald Publishing Limited Copyright © 2024 K.K. Tripathy, Sneha Kumari, V.G. Venkatesh, R. Jayalakshmi, and M.P. Sukumaran Nair INDEX Aarogya Setu, 174 Abdur Razzaque Ansari Memorial (ARAM), 7–8, 121, 127 best practices, 136–137 cancer hospital, 131 conceptualisation and foundation, 126–127 concern for community for sustainable community development, 122 COVID-19 protocols, 133–134 diagnosis at, 132 diversified services, 130–131 doctors and medical facilities, 128–129 economic contribution/perspective of Sayeed Ahmad Ansari and brothers, 135 hospital profile and model of operation, 125–137 infrastructure of HCG, 131–132 location and overview, 126 management model, 129–130 management of hospital, 128 managerial implications, 136 Medanta ARAMW Blood Bank, 133 medical oncology, 133 members and non-members loyalty, 127–128 methodology, 125 nuclear medicine, 133 objectives, 125 oncology, 133 principles of cooperatives in healthcare, 121–122 profile of founder, 125–126 review of literature, 122–125 social perspective, 135–136 socio-economic impact, 134–135 surgical oncology, 132–133 sustainable competitive advantage of Medanta ARAMH, 137 treatment at, 132 Weaver’s Hospital, 3, 68 Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV), 170 Accessibility, 159 Accommodation, 130 Affordability, 17, 140 Africa, healthcare cooperatives in, 64 Amul, 56–59 Annual General Meeting, 87 Anti-fragile, 49 Aravind Eye Care Hospital, 57 Argentina, 95 constraints, 111–112 impact of cooperatives in general and healthcare cooperatives in particular on women’s lives, 107–109 distinguishing features of Argentina healthcare cooperatives, 102–105 examples of healthcare cooperatives in, 109–111 healthcare cooperatives in, 65, 94–95 healthcare in Latin America, 95–102 women in, 105–106 women in cooperative movement in Argentina, 106–107 Argentina Cooperative Movement, 65 Argentina Trabaja, 109 Artes Gráficas Patricios, 110 ASISA (insurance company), 144 Asistencia Sanitaria (medical service cooperative), 144 Assistance for underprivileged groups, 121 Assistència Sanitària Colegial (ASC), 146 Associations Foundations, 69 Atma Nirbhar Bharat (ANB), 22 Australia, healthcare cooperatives in, 65 Autogestio Sanitaria (medical service cooperative), 144 Ayurveda Hospital Section, 84 Ayushman Bharat, 179 Ayushman Bharat Health Infrastructure Mission, 76 Ayushman Sahakar’ Scheme, 25, 156–157, 164, 212 challenges, 176 effort during COVID-19, 169–172 functioning of healthcare cooperative societies, 168–169 healthcare cooperative models for payments & insurance, 168 healthcare cooperatives in India, 160–169 healthcare system effectiveness, 176–181 NRHM, 158 NUHM, 159 objectives, 157–158 objectives, 164–168 PM-JAY, 160 public–private partnership, 160 significance of healthcare system, 173–174 tracing technology in healthcare, 174–176 Barcelona Hospital, 146 Belgium, healthcare cooperatives in, 65–66 Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd., 90 Birla Institute of Scientific Research (BISR), 177 Bismarckian Model, 142–143 Blood Bank, 130 Board of Directors, 85–87 Bombay Sarvajanik Trust Act, of 1950, 33 Brazil cooperative health care in, 54 healthcare cooperatives in, 66 Sistema Unimed, 23 Brazilian Health Cooperative, 27 C.E.S. Clinicas, Madrid, 143 Calicut City Service Cooperative Bank (CCSCB), 55 Canada, healthcare cooperatives in, 67 Canada Health Act, 67 Cancer and Allied Ailments Research (CARE), 55 Cardiology, 83 Care and Share Associates, 71 Casualty, 82 Catholicism, 105 Central Coalfields Limited (CCL), 127, 136 Chilavert, 109–110 Chotanagpur Regional Weaver Cooperative Union (CRWCU), 126 Co-operation, 49, 64 among healthcare cooperatives, 122 Colombia, healthcare cooperatives in, 68 Commercial hospitals (see Private hospitals) Commissioner of Health & Family Welfare (CH&FW), 188 Community, 64 Community Health Centres (CHCs), 17, 123 Community Health Services Association Ltd. Saskatchewan, 67 Community health workers (CHWs), 121, 123 Community hospitals, 124–125 Community-based participatory research (CBPR), 120, 124 Community-wide health, 64 Companies Act, 55 Computerisation, 89 Confederación Empresarial Española de la Economía Social (CEPES), 51 Confederation of Cooperatives of the Argentine Republic (Cooperar), 65, 104 Consultation, 81 Consumer cooperatives, 21, 122 Consumer’s Livelihood Cooperative Society Law, 53, 64 Continuing Medical Education on Stick (CMES), 130 Continuous medical programmes (CME), 136 Cooperativa Farmaceutica de Cordoba Ltda, 103 Cooperativa Sanitaria de Galicia (CO. SA. GA), 143 Cooperative Caminos, 71 Cooperative Credit Societies Act, 19 Cooperative Fund Mobilization Institute, 65, 104 Cooperative health care in Brazil, 54 in India, 54–55 in Japan, 53 in Spain, 50–51 in USA, 50 Cooperative Homecare Associates (CHCA), 71 Cooperative hospitals, 25 Argentina, 27–28 Brazilian Health Cooperative, 27 Canada, 29 France, 31 global presence of cooperative hospitals, 26–31 Italy, 28 Japan, 29–31 Cooperative Medical Services, 207 Cooperatives, 17, 49, 67, 69, 95, 120–121, 160–161 businesses, 98 for health in developing nations, 206–207 in healthcare, 77–78 history and types of, 19–23 in major countries, 20 movement in Argentina, 97–98 principles of cooperatives in healthcare, 121–122 role and importance of cooperative structure in healthcare, 5 values and principles, 2 Corona Accelerated R&D in Europe (CARE), 170 Corporate social responsibility (CSR), 19 Country Network, 144 COVID-19, 88–89 crisis, 194 pandemic, 14 protocols, 133–134 COWIN Portal, 57 Crime, 189 Cultural Factory (see IMPA) Culture, 121 Decentralised Planning, 77 Democratic member control, 2 cooperatives, 121 Demographic dividend, 141 Dental Clinic, 83 Dermatology, 82 Desperation, 189 Developing countries, 140 Development projects, 90 Devoto, 103 Dietary, 130 Diplomate of National Board (DNB), 54 Domestic assistance services (DAS), 67 Domestic violence, 105 E M Sankaran Namboothiripad (E M S), 68 Ear, nose and throat clinic (ENT clinic), 82 Eastern Central Railway (ECL), 127, 136 Economic participation of members, 121 Education, 121 training, and information healthcare cooperatives, 121 Electronic Health Records (HER), 175 Employee’s welfare, 87 Empresas de Medicina Pre-paga (EMP), 101 Empreseas recuperadas por sus trabajadores (ERTs), 98 EMS Memorial Cooperative Hospital, 54–55 Environment management, 89 Equity, 107–109 Espiru Foundation, 51–53, 69, 143–145 model, 149–151 organisational model, 145–146 unique relationship between ASC and SCIAS, 146 European Union of Social Pharmacies (UEPS), 66 Fábrica Sin Patrón-Factory Without Bosses (FaSinPat) (see Zanón ceramics factory) Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs), 22 Farmers, 50 Federación Argentina de Mutuales de Salud (FAMSA), 103 Federation of Health Solidarity Enterprises (FAESS), 28, 65, 102, 104 Finances, 90–91 Financial cooperatives, 22 Foster Care Cooperative, 71 Four Directions Cooperative, 67 Fragmentation, 99 France, healthcare cooperatives in, 68 French healthcare system, 31 Full-time equivalents (FTEs), 123 Fundación Espriu, 51 Fundamental Principles of Health and Welfare Cooperatives, 64 Funding for cooperative societies, 59 Gampaha Cooperative Hospital Society, 170 events, 171–172 services, 171 Gampaha Healthcare Cooperative Hospital Society, 172 General Medicine, 81 General surgery, 81 Geriatric Clinic, 84 Ghataprabha of Gokak taluka, 22 Governance, 65 Annual General Meeting, 87 cooperatives in healthcare, 77–78 of healthcare cooperatives, 6–7, 76 Kerala People’s Plan, 77 management, 85–87 manpower, 87–91 Thrikkakara Municipal Co-operative Hospital, 78–85 Government, 200 Government Failure Theory, The, 16 Government of Uttaranchal, 177 Govt/public recognition, 88 Gross Domestic Product (GDP), 22 Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF), 21 Gynaecology, 81 Han Groups, 31 Health, 12 centers, 122–124 check-ups, 130 equality, 108–109 equity, 109 financing, 141 history of health cooperatives, 187–188 institutions, 189 and welfare cooperative, 64 and wellbeing, 124 workers, 123–124 Health, Finance, and Governance (HFG), 27 Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs), 174 Health cooperatives, 102–103 cooperatives, 18–23 current status in India, 32–40 different kinds of, 122 emergence of, 5 and factors, 40–41 future of healthcare through cooperatives, 41–42 global presence of cooperative hospitals, 26–31 global status and scope, 23–25 implications, 42 in India, 156 India’s demographic health, 12–14 India’s healthcare sector and challenges, 14–17 originality/value, 42–43 shortage of skilled manpower in rural healthcare facilities, 17 status and scope in India, 25–26 Health insurance, 179 in India, 179–180 Healthcare, 12, 18, 47–48, 64, 123, 200 challenges of developing countries, 141–142 concern for community, 55–59 cooperatives, 48–50, 77–78 education, 186 funding for cooperative societies, 59 gains from renewed and restructured healthcare system, 59–60 infrastructure, 189 insurance plans, 4 in Latin America, 95–102 model in Argentina, 99–102 network, 68 principles of cooperatives in healthcare, 121–122 professionals, 186 regional perspective of healthcare cooperatives, 50–51 services, 186 significance, 48 Social Economy of Spain, 51–55 system, 156–157 system effectiveness, 176–181 Healthcare cooperatives, 2, 186, 189, 200 in Argentina, 94–95 in Argentina and effect on women and local communities, 7 Ayushman Sahakar Scheme, 212 books, 201–202 challenges and growing opportunities for, 9 cooperatives for health in developing nations, 206–207 evolution, 187 history of healthcare cooperatives in developing and developed world, 206 history of healthcare cooperatives in India, 209–210 history of healthcare in India, 207–209 hypothesis, 192 in India, 160–169 indispensable goal of health cooperative society, 190 journals and periodicals, 202–204 judgement, 205 methodology, 193 models for payments & insurance, 168 movement, 64 objectives, 192 as parallel progression for health and healthcare services, 9 problems with healthcare in India, 210–211 purpose, 192–193 rebuilding and founding, 8 result, 193 review of literature, 190–193 review of literature, 201 rudimentary formation plans, 190 sample adequacy test, 194–196 statement of problem, 192 successful model of, 7–8 web resources, 204–205 HealthPartners, 50 Hefame Group, 53 HLA Hospital Group, 52 Hospital de Barcelona, 52 Hospital laboratory, 83 Hospitals, 14, 78, 120, 186, 189 Housing cooperatives, 21 Human capital, 56, 58 Human development, 56 Igualatorio de Médicos de Bilbao, 144 IMPA, 110 Inclusive development, 50 Independence and autonomy health cooperatives, 121 India cooperative health care in, 54–55 cooperative movement, 77 demographic health, 12–14 health expenditure, 15 healthcare cooperatives in, 68, 160–169 healthcare sector and challenges, 14–17 public healthcare in, 76 social parameters and demographic statistics, 13 India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), 14 Indian Coffee House, 21 Indian Farmers Fertilizers Cooperative Limited (IFFCO), 21 Indian Healthcare Cooperatives, 162–164 Indian Medical Association (IMA), 190 Indian Trust Act, 59 Infrastructure, 77, 200 Institute of Company Secretaries of India (ICSI), 128 Instituto Nacional de Asociativismo y Economía Social (INAES), 102 Instituto Nacional de Seguridad Social para Jubilados y Pensionados (INSSJYP), 100 Insurance, 14, 66, 140 cooperatives, 103, 151 schemes, 89 Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA), 165 Integrated healthcare, 124–125 Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 81 International cooperation, 121 International Cooperative Alliance (ICA), 66, 94, 190 International Health Cooperative Alliance (IHCA), 3, 23 International Health Cooperative Organisation (IHCO), 53, 66, 102, 104, 212 Iran, healthcare cooperatives in, 66 Italian Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE), 69 Italy, healthcare cooperatives in, 68–69 Japan cooperative health care in, 53 healthcare cooperatives in, 69 Japan Healthcare Cooperative, 70 Japanese Health and Welfare Co-operative Federation, 53 Japanese Health and Welfare Cooperative Federation–Hew Co-op Japan, The, 30 Japanese healthcare, 31 Jharkhand, 121 Junk bonds, 59 Justice, 107–109 Kerala Cooperative, 163 Kerala health cooperative model, 26 Kerala Municipality Act (1994), 77 Kerala Panchayati Raj Act (1994), 77 Kerala People’s Plan, 77 Kerala State of India, 68 Kozhikode District Cooperative Hospital, 54 La Fábrica Cultural (see IMPA) Laboratory Services, 83 Laparoscopic surgery, 81 Latin America, healthcare in, 95–102 Lavinia S Coop., 148 Limited liability partnerships (LLP), 60 Logistic cooperation, 68 Maahi Milk Producer Company Private Limited, 22 Mahatma Gandhi Cooperative Hospital, 55 Manpower, 87 computerisation, 89 COVID-19, 88–89 development projects, 90 employee’s welfare, 87 environment management, 89 expansion and diversification, 90 finances, 90–91 govt/public recognition, 88 insurance schemes, 89 MEDICEP, 89 organisation chart, 87 Manufacturing/production cooperatives, 95 Market or Contract Failure Theory, The, 16 Matawa Cooperative, 67 Medanta ARAMW Blood Bank, 133 Medanta Group, 136 Medical facilities, 69 Medical Insurance for State Employees and Pensioners (MEDICEP), 89 Medical oncology, 133 Medical tourism, 14 Medicare, 67 Medicine, 33 Member economic participation, 2 Merit good, 141 MGEN, 31 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), 141 Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT), 175 Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), 163 Ministry of Health Care, 188 Multi-stakeholder cooperatives, 23, 95 in hospitals, 124 Multi-state Cooperative Societies Act, 18 Multispecialty hospitals, 120 Murcia Brotherhood SCL Mediterranean Pharmaceutical, 53 Mutual assurance companies, 68 Mutual societies, 68 Mutuals, 103–105 Mutuals aid Societies, 31 Nairobi study, 124 Narayana Health, 57 National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH), 55 National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO), 188 National Cooperative Consumers’ Federation of India Ltd. (NCCF), 21 National Cooperative Development Corporation (NCDC), 25, 90, 156, 189 National Cooperative Learning Service (SESCOOP), 27 National Cooperative Union of India, 163–164 National Development Council, 19 National Digital Health Mission, 174, 212 National eHealth Authority (NeHA), 175–176 National Food Security Mission (NFSM), 42 National Health Agency, 27 National Health Mission (NHM), 157 National Health Policy, 14–16, 76, 165, 212 National Health Protection Scheme (NHPS) (see Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY)) National Health Service (NHS), 96 National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990, 71 National Health Stack, 176 National Informatics Centre (NIC), 174 National Institutes of Health (NIH), 170 National Insurance System, 53 National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), 158 National Union of Domestic Employees (N. U. D. E), 71 National Urban Health Mission (NUHM), 159 New generation cooperatives, 22 Non-profit community service cooperatives, 23 Non-profit institutions, 69 Nuclear medicine, 133 Obras socials, 99–101 Obstetrics, 81 Office Des Pharmacies Coopératives De Belgique (OPHACO), 66 Oncology, 133 Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), 84 Operation theatres (OTs), 131 Ophthalmology, 83 Orthopaedics, 82 Out-of-pocket expenditures (OOPE), 140 Outpatient Department (OPD), 81, 129, 171 Paediatrics, 82 Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO), 99 Pandemic, 200 People’s Plan Campaign, 77 People’s Planning, 77 Personal Protection Equipment (PPE), 134 Pharmacy, 130 services, 84 Pharmacy cooperatives, 66, 103 in Spain, 6 in Turkey, 3 Physiotherapy, 83–84 PM Atmanirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana’ programme, 174 Poverty, 108 Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY), 160, 174 Preventive healthcare, 31, 41 Primary Agricultural Credit Society (PACS), 22, 55 Primary Health Centres (PHCs), 16, 189 Private healthcare, 180–181 Private hospitals, 4, 14, 16 Producer/marketing cooperatives, 21 Protection Maladie Universelle (PUMA), 31 Provincial governments, 19 Psychiatry, 83 Public distribution system (PDS), 42 Public healthcare in India, 76 system, 28 Public sector, 16, 99 Public–private partnership (PPP), 160, 177 Pulmonology, 82 Purchasing and shared services cooperatives, 122 Radiology, 84 Ramon Magsaysay Award, 33 Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY), 160 Reforms Act of 1919, 19 Research and development (R&D), 141 Rural and semi-urban citizens, 189–190 Rural Credit Survey Committee, 19 Rural-urban divide, 32 SABSA cooperative, 67 Salud Cooperative in Columbia, 3, 68 Sancor Seguros, 103 “SANJEEVANI”, 57 SARS-CoV-2, 157 Saskatoon Community Clinic, 29, 67 Self-Employed Women’s Association (Sewa), 26 Service Workers Center Cooperative Society Limited (SWCCS), 71 SEWA, 162–163 Shri Jagad Guru Cooperative Hospital and Research Institute (JGCHRI), 22 Shri Jagadguru Gurusiddeshwar (J. G.), 35 constraints, strengths, and opportunities for J. G cooperative hospital, 38–40 Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad, 21 Shri Tribhuvandas Patel, 33 Shri. J. G. Cooperative Hospital and Research Institute, 54 Singapore, healthcare cooperatives in, 70 SMARTER approach, 191 Social capital, 107–109 Social care cooperatives, 103 Social cooperatives, 21–22, 69, 95 Social economy businesses in-home services (SEEHS), 67 Social Economy of Spain, 51–55 Social health insurance (SHI), 101 Sociedad Cooperativa de Instalaciones Asistenciales Sanitarias (SCIAS), 146 Society, 51 Solow Model, 58 Spain health cooperative, 8, 69, 140, 142–144 analysis and results, 144–148 healthcare challenges of developing countries, 141–142 literature review, 141 methodology, 144 perspective, 142 SWOT analysis of model, 151 Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), 60 Sports, 121 Sri Lanka, healthcare cooperatives in, 3, 70 State Cooperative Societies Act, 18 Strategic human resource management (SHRM), 26 Surgical oncology, 132–133 Sushrusha Citizens Cooperative Hospital Ltd., 54 Sustainable community development, concern for community for, 122 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), 140–141 Sweden, healthcare cooperatives in, 70 Systematic literature review (SLR), 191 Tallinn Charter, 191 Technology Information, Forecasting, and Assessment Council (TIFAC), 177 Telemedicine, 130 Theatre complex, 84–85 Thrikkakara Grama Panchayath, 68 Thrikkakara Municipal Co-operative Hospital, 68, 78 facilities, 80 inception, 78–79 mission, 79 objectives, 79 shareholding and membership, 80 treatment facilities, 81–85 vision, 79 Tools Accelerators (ACT), 169 Total addressable market (TAM), 59 Treatment, 79 Tribhuvandas Foundation, Anand, Gujarat, 33 approach and future thrust, 35 awards, 35 financials, 34–35 uniqueness of model, 34 Trichur District Cooperative Hospital, 54–55 Trinidad and Tobago, healthcare cooperatives in, 71 Tubusezere Healthcare Cooperative in Rwanda, 64 Uniform Data System (UDS), 123 UNIMED, 206 Unimed-Brazil, 27 Union of India v. Rajendra N. Shah, 205 United Ag, 50 United Kingdom, healthcare cooperatives in, 71 United States, healthcare cooperatives in, 71 Universal health coverage (UHC), 96–97 Universal healthcare coverage, 64 Uralungal Labour Contract Co-operative Society in Kerala, 21 Urban Slum Healthcare Project, Andhra Pradesh, 177 Uruguay, healthcare cooperatives in, 71 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 109 USA, cooperative health care in, 50 User cooperatives, 95, 151 Utility, 200 Uttaranchal Mobile Hospital and Research Centre (UMHRC), 177 Village Health Workers (VHWs), 34 cooperatives, 64 Voluntary and open membership cooperatives, 2, 121 Weavers Hospital, 121 Welfare economics, 58 Women in Argentina, 105–106 in cooperative movement in Argentina, 106–107 Worker cooperatives, 21, 27, 68, 95, 122, 151, 161–162 World Health Organization (WHO), 12, 108–109, 156 World healthcare cooperatives, 1–2 cooperative values and principles, 2 description, 2–4 impact, 4–9 theoretical and methodological framework, 4 World healthcare models, 64 initiatives and learnings from, 6, 64–72 Yeshasvini Health Scheme in Karnataka, 177 Yeshasvini Rural Cooperative Health Scheme, 26, 162 Zanón ceramics factory, 110 Zimbabwe, healthcare cooperatives in, 71–72 Zimbabwe National Association of Housing Cooperatives (ZINAHCO), 71 Book Chapters Prelims Introduction: World Healthcare Cooperatives: Challenges and Opportunities Chapter 1: The Emergence of Health Cooperatives: Experiences and Way Forward Chapter 2: Role and Importance of Cooperative Structure in Healthcare (With Regional Perspectives) Chapter 3: Initiatives and Learnings from World Healthcare Models Chapter 4: Governance of Healthcare Cooperatives with Reference to the Case of Thrikkakara Healthcare Cooperative Chapter 5: Healthcare Cooperatives in Argentina and Their Effect on Women and the Local Communities Chapter 6: Successful Model of Healthcare Cooperative Models: A Road Map – Abdur Razzaque Ansari Memorial (ARAM) Hospital by Handloom Weavers Jharkhand Chapter 7: Spain Healthcare Cooperatives: Inspiring Model for the Developing Countries Chapter 8: Rebuilding and Founding Healthcare Cooperatives: A Review of ‘Ayushman Sahakar’ Scheme in India and ‘Gampaha’ Cooperative in Srilanka as a Development Mechanism Chapter 9: Ideating Healthcare Cooperatives as Parallel Progression for Health and Healthcare Services Chapter 10: Challenges and Growing Opportunities for Healthcare Cooperatives Index

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