Comparison of Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) Pathogenesis and Host Responses in Young Male and Female Chickens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an avian coronavirus that causes a disease in chickens known as infectious bronchitis (IB). The pathogenesis of IBV and the host immune responses against it depend on multiple factors such as the IBV variant, breed and age of the chicken, and the environment provided by the management. Since there is limited knowledge about the influence of the sex of chickens in the pathogenesis of IBV, in this study we aim to compare IBV pathogenesis and host immune responses in young male and female chickens. One-week-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorn male and female chickens were infected with Canadian Delmarva (DMV)/1639 IBV variant at a dose of 1 × 106 embryo infectious dose (EID)50 by the oculo-nasal route while maintaining uninfected controls, and these chickens were euthanized and sampled 4- and 11-days post-infection (dpi). No significant difference was observed between the infected male and female chickens in IBV shedding, IBV genome load in the trachea, lung, kidney, bursa of Fabricius (BF), thymus, spleen, and cecal tonsils (CT), and IBV-induced lesion in all the examined tissues at both 4 and 11 dpi. In addition, there was no significant difference in the percentage of IBV immune-positive area observed between the infected male and female chickens in all tissues except for the kidney, which expressed an increased level of IBV antigen in infected males compared with females at both 4 and 11 dpi. The percentage of B lymphocytes was not significantly different between infected male and female chickens in all the examined tissues. The percentage of CD8+ T cells was not significantly different between infected male and female chickens in all the examined tissues except in the trachea at 11 dpi, where female chickens had higher recruitment when compared with male chickens. Overall, although most of the findings of this study suggest that the sex of chickens does not play a significant role in the pathogenesis of IBV and the host immune response in young chickens, marginal differences in viral replication and host responses could be observed to indicate that IBV-induced infection in male chickens is more severe.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".