Live and Inactivated Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Interchangeability in Travelers: Review of Evidence and Recommendation to Travelers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector borne zoonotic disease caused by the virus belongs to Flaviviridae family. Japanese encephalitis virus is known as a major etiological agent of encephalitis in Asia, few western pacific nations and in northern Australia. JE has case fatality rate of 20-30% and 30-50% of the survivors have neurological sequalae. It is estimated that’s almost 67,900 cases occur annually, and overall incidence is 1.8 per 100000. There is no treatment available for JE and it cause significant mortality and morbidity in infected people. JE can be prevented by using vaccines. Different types of vaccines like mouse brain derived inactivated vaccine (MBJEVs), inactivated primary hamster kidney cells (PHK) derived vaccine, live attenuated SA14-14-2 virus, and chimeric live attenuated JE vaccine (ChimeriVax, JE-CV). Vaccination against JE has been carried out extensively in Asian countries from past few decades. JE vaccines are highly recommended for travellers to the endemic regions, this gives to the rise of the question of Interchangeability of JE vaccines. Interchangeability of inactivated, live and chimeric JE vaccines has been studied in different regions. According to all these case studies discussed in the review it is possible to interchange JE vaccine because after booster dose they gave significant Sero-protection in terms of geometric mean titer GMTs and plaque reduction neutralizing test PRNT against JE virus. But present data is limited and further large-scale studies are recommended.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".