Feasibility Assessment of Using a Geothermal System in Canada’s Remote Northern Communities (Fort Liard, Northwest Territories)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary In today’s world, energy and environmental crises have become serious global issues. On the one hand, the demand for and use of energy—primarily generated by high-carbon fuels—is dramatically escalating day by day in all sectors; on the other hand, environmental challenges and threats are simultaneously intensifying. A shift from carbon-based to carbon-free or low-carbon sources of energy (e.g., geothermal energy—alone or combined with other systems) is necessary, along with eco-friendly technologies and sustainable practices. Canada has committed to diminishing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. As part of this commitment, the country aims to transition northern communities not linked to a regional electricity grid from diesel-based power and heat to cleaner energy sources. Geothermal energy is a potential option in northern communities. This study examines a techno-economic feasibility assessment of the use of a stand-alone geothermal system (a binary organic Rankine cycle) in the Aboriginal, remote, and off-grid diesel-based community of Fort Liard (FL), in the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada. The results illustrate that the geothermal plant alone can deliver stable baseload for the community’s annual energy demand for a 30-year lifetime period due to FL’s appropriate geological settings (overlying a hot sedimentary aquifer). In addition, the Cost of Energy (COE) for the stand-alone geothermal plant use is about 0.18 CAD$/kWh, much less than the COE (∼0.70 CAD$/kWh —no northern subsidy diesel) for the present diesel facility in FL. Furthermore, the geothermal option presents minimal environmental concerns.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".