The effect of sunrise timing and mountain aspect on the dawn chorus of Swainson’s Thrush
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study centers on the Swainson’s Thrush (Catharus ustulatus), uniquely identified by a buffy eye ring, uniformly brown back and tail, and a distinctive flute-like song with an ascending pitch. With a prevalent presence in woodlots, parks, and fruiting trees, they breed in coniferous forests with dense undergrowth, displaying notable vocalization and behaviour patterns. This research aims to explore the impact of pre- and post-sunrise timing and mountain aspect (North, East, South, West) on the dawn chorus of Swainson’s Thrush. The hypothesis posits that those exposed to earlier sunlight will sing prior to those experiencing delayed sunlight. Specific predictions are made for each mountain aspect, considering temperature, sunlight exposure, and resulting bird activity levels. To test the hypothesis, five audio recording units (ARUs) are set up across the mountain's four sides. Three recordings are made before and after sunrise for each side, grouped as North, South, East, and West. Results reveal a statistically significant interaction between direction and time since sunrise, while direction alone does not significantly impact song frequency. Time since sunrise and Julian's days also influence singing behaviour. The study shows the intricate relationship between environmental factors, sunrise timing, and mountain aspect on the dawn chorus behaviour of Swainson's Thrushes. These findings underscore the need for further investigation into additional factors influencing the dawn chorus, contributing to avian ecology and conservation understanding. By unravelling these complexities, conservation efforts can be better informed and aligned.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".