<i>mdx</i> Mice are Protected From Diet‐Induced Obesity Possibly Due to Increased Skeletal Muscle Energy Expenditure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
mdx mice, the murine model of Duchene muscular dystrophy, are characterized by aberrant skeletal‐muscle Ca 2+ handling and increased whole body energy expenditure. Increasing skeletal muscle energy expenditure is one mechanism that may protect against excessive weight gain and diet‐induced obesity. mdx mice have previously been shown to resist excessive adiposity when fed a diet moderately high in fat (16% kcal fat). However, it is not clear if this protection persists when they are provided with a typical Westernized high‐fat diet (HFD). We hypothesized that despite consuming a diet higher in fat (42% kcal fat), mdx mice would display a reduced obesity phenotype relative to wild‐type (WT) littermates. To examine this, animals were given ad libitum access to a HFD for 8 weeks, during which weight gain, food intake, and adiposity were examined. Metabolic efficiency, defined as cumulative mass gained divided by cumulative food consumed during the 8 weeks, was also determined. As hypothesized, mdx mice were protected against excessive obesity as seen by a 35% lower adiposity index ( P < 0.05) relative to WT littermates. This protection could not be explained by differences in food intake ( P = 0.85). However, metabolic efficiency was 13% lower ( P < 0.05) in the mdx mice, suggesting that energy expenditure was greater during the dietary period. In conclusion, mdx mice were protected against obesity despite consuming a standard Westernized HFD. Future directions will explore the possible muscular mechanism(s) that may convey this protection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".