The Effect of Salbutamol on the Vasculature Differs in Asthmatics As Compared to Healthy Controls
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthmatics are at increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease and inhaled beta(β)2‐agonist use is associated with increased CV events. Short‐acting β2‐agonists acutely affect cardiovascular function among healthy individuals. However, chronic β‐agonist use, often seen in asthma, is associated with β2‐refractoriness within the airways. It is unknown if the vascular responses to a clinically relevant dose of acute β2‐agonist differ between asthmatics and healthy controls. PURPOSE To compare the vascular response to an inhaled β2‐agonist between controls and asthmatics. METHODS Eight asthmatics and 8 healthy controls matched for age, height and weight were recruited for the study. Average short‐term β2‐agonist usage among the asthmatics was 3.1 times/week for 11.5 years. Blood pressure (BP; mmHg), arterial stiffness (PWV; m/s), microvascular function (VTI; cm/s), and endothelial function (FMD; % baseline/shear rate) were examined before and after inhaled beta agonist (4 x 100 μg Salbutamol), or placebo. The order of test days was randomized, but all testing was conducted at the same time of day following a 12 hour fast. Respiratory medications were withheld for 8 hours prior to each test day. RESULTS There were no baseline differences in arterial stiffness between groups. However, arterial stiffness increased in asthmatics but not controls acutely following Salbutamol administration (ΔPWV: +0.62 vs. −0.08 m/s, p< 0.05). There was no between‐group difference in endothelial function or microvascular function at baseline; nor following β2‐agonist inhalation. Both groups had increased systolic blood pressure following Salbutamol administration which was not seen with placebo (Placebo: 109 to 108 mmHg, Salbutamol: 108 to 113 mmHg, p <0.05). CONCLUSION Asthmatics have an altered acute vascular response to a clinically relevant dose of a short‐acting β2‐agonist, which results in an increase in arterial stiffness in asthmatics which is not seen in controls. The vascular stiffening in response to beta‐agonist use may contribute to the elevated CV risk seen in asthma. Support or Funding Information The Lung Association, Alberta & NWT
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".