In Vivo Treatment with Natriuretic Peptide Receptor Type C Agonist Attenuates Overexpression of Cell Cycles Proteins and Hyperproliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from SHR : Molecular Mechanisms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vascular remodeling due to hyper‐proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is associated with hypertension. We previously showed that in vivo treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with NPR‐C specific agonist C‐ANP 4–23 attenuates the hyper‐proliferation of VSMC. We undertook the present study to investigate if the anti‐proliferative effect of C‐ANP 4–23 treatment is mediated through the inhibition of the over‐expression of cell cycle proteins and explore the signaling molecules contributing to this effect. For this study, one‐week‐old SHR and age‐matched WKY rats were injected intraperitoneally with C‐ANP 4–23 twice per week for 6 weeks and sacrificed at the end of the 8 th week, blood pressure measurements were done by tail cuff method, proliferation of VSMC was determined by thymidine incorporation and MTT assay, and Western blotting was used to measure the levels of proteins. VSMC from SHR exhibited enhanced proliferation as compared to Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) and C‐ANP 4–23 treatment attenuated the hyper‐proliferation to control levels. In addition the overexpression of cyclin D1, cyclin A, cyclin E, cyclin dependent kinase 2 and 4 (cdk2, cdk4), phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and Giα proteins exhibited by VSMC from SHR was attenuated to control levels. Furthermore, the enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, EGF‐R, PDGF‐R, IGF‐R and c‐Src was significantly decreased by C‐ANP 4–23 treatment. Moreover, the enhanced levels of superoxide anion (O 2 − ), NADPH oxydase activity, and the enhanced expression of NOX4 and P47phox in SHRs were attenuated by C‐ANP 4–23. These results indicate that in vivo NPR‐C activation attenuates the over‐expression of cell cycle proteins through the inhibition of the enhanced oxidative stress, c‐Src and EGF‐R, PDGF‐R, IGF‐R activation, MAPK signaling and over‐expression of Giα proteins resulting in the inhibition of the hyper‐proliferation of VSMC from SHR. Thus, it can be suggested that C‐ANP 4–23 may be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of vascular complications associated with hypertension and atherosclerosis. Support or Funding Information Supported by grants from Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (HSFC).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".