Effect of Advanced Maternal Age on Cardiovascular Function in Adult Male and Female Rat Offspring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pregnancy in advanced maternal age (< 35 yrs of age) increases the risk of immediate and long‐term health complications in mothers and offspring. Using a rat model of advanced maternal age, we have recently demonstrated poor fetal development, decreased litter size, and impaired maternal vascular function. The present study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular health of adult male and female offspring born to dams of advanced maternal age. Echocardiography and isolated working heart techniques were used to assess in vivo cardiac function and ex vivo cardiac function recovery after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) respectively in 4 month and 12 month adult offspring born to young (4 month) or maternal aged (9.5 month) rat dams. At 4 month of age, ex‐vivo data showed that male offspring from aged dams had significantly decreased cardiac function recovery after I/R compared to offspring from young dams (45.78 ± 9.54% vs. 107.6 ± 4.03%; P< 0.001). In contrast, there was no significant difference in cardiac function recovery after I/R in female offspring born from aged vs young dams (87.6 ± 3.26% vs. 94.79 ± 5.89 %; P=NS); indicating better cardiac tolerance against I/R injury compared to their male counterparts. At 12 month of age, echocardiographic data revealed that compared to offspring from young dams, male offspring from aged dams developed in vivo cardiac diastolic dysfunction as indicated by decreased isovolumic relaxation time (male offspring IVRT; young dam 34.27 ± 2.04 vs. aged dam 27.61 ± 0.99 msec; P< 0.01). In contrast, there was no significant difference in in vivo cardiac function between the groups in female offspring indicating intact in vivo cardiac function. We further evaluated whether aging in the female offspring impacted ex vivo cardiac susceptibility to I/R. Our ex vivo data showed that 12 month old female offspring born from both young and aged dams had a similar basal cardiac power during the pre‐ischemia period and similar percent recovery of cardiac function after I/R injury (female offspring; young dam 102.8 % vs. aged dam 81.08 %, Mann‐Whitney U test: P=NS). In conclusion, aged male offspring born to mothers of advanced maternal age had an increased susceptibility to the development of cardiovascular dysfunction. Support or Funding Information This work is funded by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP 133566), the Women and Children's Health Research Institute through the generous contributions of the Stollery Children's Hospital Foundation and the Royal Alexandra Hospital Foundation. A. Shah is supported by fellowship from the Molly Towell Perinatal Research Foundation Canada. S. Davidge is a Canada Research Chair in Maternal and Perinatal Cardiovascular Health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".