Sex‐specific Effects of Nuclear and Membrane Progesterone Receptors on Breathing Stability in Newborn Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that the nuclear (nPR) and membrane progesterone receptors α (mPRα) and β (mPRβ) have sex‐specific effects on respiratory control and breathing stability in newborn rats. The expression of nPR, mPRα or mPRβ in the brainstem region was attenuated by intracisternal injection of specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) to 10 days‐old male and female rats. An artificial cerebrospinal fluid was injected to the control animals. Twenty‐four hours after the injection, ventilation was recorded using whole body plethysmography during normoxia (21% O 2 , 50 min), hypoxia (12% O 2 , 5 min) and hypercapnia (5% CO 2 , 5 mim). The frequency of sighs and apneas was determined in normoxia and reported as events/hour. Treatments with siRNA against nPR, mPRα, or mPRβ had no effect on ventilation in normoxia, hypoxia, and hypercapnia. In male rats, the treatment with the siRNA against nPR had no effect on the frequency of sighs and apneas, while the treatment with the siRNA against mPRα increased the frequency of sighs (from 24±2 to 44±8, p=0.003) and the treatment with the siRNA against mPRβ increased the frequency of apneas (51±10 to 83±16, p=0.04). In female rats, the treatment with the siRNA against nPR increased the frequency of apneas (from 47±5 to 101±15, p=0.0003), but the treatment with the siRNAs against mPRα or mPRβ had no effect. We conclude that in newborn male rats mPRα and mPRβ, while in newborn female rats nPR contributes to breathing stability. These data could be useful to develop innovative approaches for pharmacological treatments of apnea of prematurity. Support or Funding Information Funded by CIHR (operating grants ‐ VJ, AB) and FRQ‐S (PhD fellowship ‐ RB).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".