Identifying Changes in Body Weight, Composition and Dietary Intake During First‐year University
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A critical time period for weight gain appears to be in young adulthood, especially during the transition from high school to university. This weight gain is popularly referred to as the “Freshman Fifteen”. Despite this being an accepted phenomenon on university campuses and in the literature, discrepancies exist around the actual amount of weight gained during this time. In addition, dietary intake changes are scarcely documented. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the transition from high school to university on anthropometrics, body composition and both dietary intake and quality in first‐year students attending university. Students aged 17–20 years entering university came for 2 testing sessions: September and March of their first year. Body composition was assessed using ultrasound (BodyMetrix) and dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. A total of 301 students ( n =71 males, n =230 females) completed the study. Between the beginning and end of their first‐year at university, both males and females gained weight: 3.2 and 1.7 kg, respectively. However, this weight gain reflected different tissues sources. Males weight gain reflected mainly increased lean mass, while females weight gain reflected mainly increased fat mass. Daily energy intake significantly decreased in both sexes by ~400 kcals along with a lower diet quality: decrease in fruit, vegetables, milk and cheese intake (p<0.05). Despite a significant decrease in total energy intake, alcohol intake significantly increased (p<0.05) and caffeine intake remained the same in both sexes. Therefore, modest weight gain does occur during first‐year of university, but the composition of the weight gained is different between the sexes. In addition, energy intake decreased in both sexes. Support or Funding Information CIHR‐ Personal MSc Fellowship (Kayleigh M. Beaudry)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".