Cutaneous Vascular and Sweating Responses to Intradermal Administration of Prostaglandin E1 and E2 in Young and Older Adults: a Role for Nitric Oxide?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX) contributes to cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses, however the mechanisms underpinning these responses remain unknown. We hypothesized that prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and E2 (PGE2), which are COX‐derived products, directly mediate cutaneous vasodilation and sweating through nitric oxide synthase (NOS)‐dependent mechanisms in young adults. Furthermore, we hypothesized that this response is diminished in older adults, since ageing attenuates COX‐dependent cutaneous vasodilation and sweating. In 9 young (4 males and 5 females, 22 ± 5 years) and 10 older (3 males and 7 females, 61 ± 4 years) adults, cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC, laser‐Doppler perfusion units/mean arterial pressure) and sweat rate (ventilated capsule) were measured at four intradermal forearm skin sites receiving incremental doses (0.05, 0.5, 5, 50, 500 μ M each for 25 min) of PGE1 or PGE2 with and without co‐administration of 10 m M L ‐NNA, a non‐specific NOS inhibitor. L ‐NNA attenuated PGE1‐mediated increases in CVC in young adults, while it attenuated PGE2‐mediated increases in CVC in older adults (all P < 0.05). However, the magnitude of the PGE1‐ and PGE2‐mediated increases in CVC did not differ between groups (all P > 0.05). Neither PGE1 nor PGE2 increased sweat rate at any of the administered concentrations for either the young or older adults (all P > 0.05). We show that the cutaneous vasodilator response is mediated through NOS‐dependent mechanisms albeit via PGE1 in young adults and PGE2 in older adults, respectively. We also show that cutaneous vascular responsiveness to PGE1 and PGE2 is similar between young and older adults. Lastly, in both young and older adults, we show that both PGE1 and PGE2 do not directly increase sweat rate. Support or Funding Information This study was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Discover grant, RGPIN‐06313‐2014; Discovery Grants Program ‐ Accelerator Supplement, RGPAS‐462252‐2014), and by Canada Foundation for Innovation (Leaders Opportunity Fund, 22529) (funds held by Dr. Glen P. Kenny).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".