Animating the Kidney: Temporal and Spatial Integration of Complex Renal Mechanisms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The kidneys are the body's central homeostatic organs and are essential for maintaining arterial blood pressure, body fluid osmolality, electrolyte concentrations and acid‐base balance, as well as eliminating metabolic waste products. Within the basic sciences healthcare professional curriculum, it has been necessary to isolate the physiological processes that the kidney performs. But the healthcare professional student has to apply these concepts within the context of the whole organism, i.e. the human body, and in a time integrative fashion as none of these processes operate in isolation. The traditional educational approach has been to present these concepts in a stepwise manner, which implies they occur sequentially, yet in fact, they occur simultaneously. Presentation and mastery of renal physiology are challenged by, a) structural complexity of the glomerular filtration membrane, nephron tubular epithelium, renal microcirculation, and interstitial fluid; b) the integrated function of these components; and c) their responses to numerous neuro‐hormonal factors. To illustrate these dynamic concepts, we have developed and will present sophisticated animations depicting three of the most conceptually challenging mechanisms of renal physiology: a) the impact of glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion on renal solute handling and clearance; b) the generation and maintenance of the solute concentration gradient within the medullary interstitium and its essential role in achieving water balance; and c) the micturition reflex, including its initiation by tension in the bladder wall and its modulation by autonomic function and higher centers of the brainstem and cerebral cortex. We have created animations and artwork, utilizing Inkscape™ to make the new images, Gimp™ to import frames to make a .gif, and Anime Studio™ software to create animations. By depicting the integrated function of the component processes, these animations are intended to foster comprehension of complex renal physiology. These animations are suitable for inclusion in lectures, small group study sessions, or individual study. Individual and small group sessions can use podcasts, which include the animations. These podcasts enable students to replay the animations at their leisure and, thus, facilitate mastery of renal physiology. Support or Funding Information UNTHSC Innovations in Teaching Using Technology Grant
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".