LCT Gene Variant ‐13910 C>T, Dairy Intake, and 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D Plasma Levels: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2016 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal . Background The LCT ‐13910 C>T gene variant is associated with lactose intolerance (LI) in different ethnic groups. Individuals with LI often limit or avoid dairy consumption, a main dietary source of vitamin D in North America, which may lead to inadequate vitamin D intake. However, the association between LCT genotype and circulating 25(OH)‐vitamin D levels is not clear. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of genotypes predictive of LI in different ethnic groups living in Canada and to determine whether LCT genotype is associated with dairy intake and 25(OH)D plasma levels. Methods Fasting blood samples were drawn from a total of 1,400 participants aged 20–29 years from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study for genotyping and plasma 25(OH)D analysis. Dairy intake was assessed using a one‐month, 196‐item Toronto‐modified Willett food frequency questionnaire. The prevalence of the LI gene variant LCT ‐13910C>T was compared using. Using the Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, we used analysis of covariance to determine the association between LCT genotypes and dairy intake, as well as 25(OH)D levels. Results Approximately 33% of Caucasians, 99% of East Asians, 74% of South Asians, and 59% of those with other or mixed ethnicities had the CC genotype predictive of LI. The CC genotype was significantly associated with lower total dairy intake (p=0.001), lower skim milk intake (p=0.002), and lower plasma 25(OH)D (p=0.0004). The CC and the CT genotypes were associated with a two‐fold, and 50% greater risk, respectively, of suboptimal plasma 25(OH)D. Conclusion The CC genotype predictive of LI is associated with lower plasma 25(OH)D, which is due, at least in part, to lower intake of dairy products, particularly skim milk. Increased risk of suboptimal levels of vitamin D was also observed among those with the CT genotype suggesting an intermediate effect of heterozygotes. Support or Funding Information: Research support from the Advanced Foods and Materials Network
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".