Transglutaminase 2 Plays a Critical, but Context‐Specific Role in Glioblastoma Proliferation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and common form of adult primary brain tumors. GBMs are characterized by resistance to chemotherapy and radiation, and exhibit a high propensity for reoccurrence. Therefore, it is imperative to define molecular mechanisms that contribute to GBM tumor survival and proliferation. One possible protein that may contribute to GBM proliferation is the multifunctional protein transglutaminase 2 (TG2). TG2 has been shown to play a critical role in proliferation in other types of cancers, and therefore we investigated its role in GBMs. Given the heterogeneity of GBM tumors, we used various GBM cell lines as well as non‐serum containing GBM neurospheres to determine if the role of TG2 in GBMs was broadly applicable, or just relevant to certain populations. Additionally, the neurospheres used represent three different GBM subtypes: mesenchymal, proneural and classical. By the use of novel inhibitors and genetic manipulations of TG2, results show that in most, but not all, cell lines TG2 plays a critical role in the proliferative process of GBM cells. Given the heterogeneity of GBM tumors, it is not surprising that TG2 facilitates the proliferative process in only certain GBM subtypes. Nonetheless, as the understanding of signaling mechanisms that contribute to GBM proliferation increases, TG2 inhibitors may in the future be effective therapeutic agents for certain GBMs, as determined by specific genetic determinants. Support or Funding Information NIH RO1 NS065825
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".