Morphometric Characterization of Maxillary and Mandibular Interdental Spaces at the Mucogingival Junction: Implications for Safe Orthodontic Miniscrew Insertion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interdental alveolar bony spaces of the maxillary and mandibular dental arches are common target site for orthodontic miniscrew insertion. The mucogingival junction is a clinically important anatomical landmark as miniscrews are inserted into the attached gingiva above it. Although numerous studies have measured interdental spaces to determine suitable minscrew insertion sites, none focus on the clinically relevant mucogingival junction. Further, there is little information regarding the potential relationship between craniofacial characteristics (linear mandibular measurement and dental arch shape) on size of the interdental spaces. The aim of this study is to assess the dimensions of interdental spaces at the mucogingival junction, and to investigate its relationship to the jaw size and dental arch shapes. Twenty bisected cadaveric heads were obtained from the Body Bequeathal Program in the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at Western University. Mandibular size of each specimen was measured using a digital caliper by two measurers on different days which demonstrated high interrater reliability for the linear mandibular measurements (r 2 = 0.99; p<0.001). Currently, the classification of the dental arch shape (oval, tapered, square) for each specimen using orthodontic templates is taking place. Lastly, the mandibular and maxillary arches will be isolated from the heads and cut just above the mucogingival junction towards crown of tooth along its transverse plane. A dissecting microscope will be used to measure interdental spaces (buccolingual and mesiodistal) and cortical bone thicknesses. It is expected that interdental spacing would be widest distally, and narrowest mesially. It is hypothesized that more tapered dental arches will exhibit smaller interdental spacing, while square dental arches would correlate to larger interdental spacing. The resulting data will benefit the orthodontists when deciding on safe placement site and size of orthodontic miniscrews.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".