The Enhanced Sealing Project (ESP) at the Underground Research Laboratory in Canada: Sixteen Years and Counting?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Established in 2008, the Enhanced Sealing Project (ESP) was the final full-scale experiment at the Underground Research Laboratory (URL) in Manitoba, Canada. As of January 2023, the project has been monitoring the evolution and performance of the full-scale composite shaft seal at the URL for over 16 years. The shaft seal was constructed in a 5-m-diameter circular shaft across a water bearing fracture zone at the depth of c. 270 m and comprises of 6-m-thick clay component that is sandwiched between two 3-m-thick concrete components. The clay component was made of 40% (by dry mass) of bentonite and 60% of fine aggregate mixture. This paper highlights the ESP results until early 2023. The ESP results, combined with the URL results from 1980s to 2013, provide 45+ years of unique data sets representing a lifecycle of an underground facility from pre-construction, operation, decommissioning, closure, and post-closure phases. This paper also examines the feasibility of the ESP extension beyond 2023 and proposes additional efforts that will enable to observe the evolution of the seal and URL for the longer term (e.g., several decades).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".