Field Validation of a Local, Traveling-Wave, Fault Detection Method for DC Microgrids
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes and validates a near realtime fault detection method using Traveling Waves (TWs) for DC microgrids. The method can be executed on low-cost embedded devices. Local positive pole voltage measurements are obtained at a high-sampling rate of 1 MHz, and a second-order high-pass filter is used to detect high-frequency transients on such time-series. A fault emulation hardware is assembled on a real DC microgrid to validate the performance of the method. A Texas Instrument Digital Signal Processor (DSP) device is mounted onto a custom signal-conditioning board. When a TW is detected, the DSP is capable of recording positive and negative pole voltages and positive pole current around the TW arrival time. Results show that the DSP's recording capabilities are similar to commercial oscilloscopes. This method can provide an accurate TW detection on DC microgrids in less than 15 microseconds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".