Polymerizations in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The science and engineering of polymerizations carried out in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) have been studied abundantly in the literature in the last three decades. There are several very good and recent reviews on the topic available in the literature. This article is based on a related contribution by Jones and DeSimone published in this encyclopedia, which emphasized the polymer chemistry background of this topic. The material is updated and enriched from a polymer reaction engineering perspective. The commercial feasibility of polymerization processes carried out in scCO2was proven early by DuPont, which built a commercial plant for production of fluoropolymers in Fayetteville, North Carolina, USA. Unfortunately, the commercial development of new polymerization processes in scCO2slowed down due to environmental and pollution issues associated to some chemicals used in the production of fluoropolymers. However, many new materials and polymerization variants in scCO2keep on resurfacing. The science and technology of polymerization processes carried out in scCO2and novel materials produced therein has reached a relatively mature state and the development of commercial processes for production of some of these materials is certainly feasible in the near future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".