Simulation of BB-2 beam billet conti-nuous casting for production of large-sized I-beams
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In connection with expansion of construction sector, it is planned to develop 80‒90‒100 I-beams. For these I-beams, universal section of continuously cast billet BB-2 (1050×450×120) was developed. The purpose of this work was to check casting parameters of given billet in a simulation model, using LVMFlow software, to confirm analytical calculations. Following parameters were chosen as parameters to be evaluated: geometric shape of the cast billet, temperature and dynamic parameters of casting. For maximum reliability, boundary conditions were set similar to real parameters of the CCM-3 at EVRAZ NTMK JSC, however, as assumptions, the calculation was carried out only in zone of direct contact with mold sleeve, and plane deformation condition was set along casting. Simulation results showed possibility of using LVMFlow to simulate the beam blanks casting processes with high degree of convergence. Casting BB-2 billet is technically possible in the conditions of continuous caster No. 3 at JSC EVRAZ NTMK, when the mold is replaced. Hydrodynamic pressure is created only on walls of crystallizer; there is vacuum on remaining surfaces due to lack of crystallizer walls narrowing sleeve towards cooling. Crystallization occurs most slowly along the interface between the wall and the BB flanges, however, there are no defects in the form of splashes, due to the low hydrodynamic pressure in these zones
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".