Glofitamab Monotherapy in Relapsed or Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Extended Follow-Up from a Pivotal Phase II Study and Subgroup Analyses in Patients with Prior Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy and by Baseline Total Metabolic Tumor Volume
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Glofitamab is a CD20xCD3 bispecific antibody with a 2:1 (CD20:CD3) format that engages and redirects T cells to eliminate B cells. In a pivotal Phase II study (NCT03075696), fixed-duration glofitamab monotherapy induced high complete response (CR) rates and had a manageable safety profile in patients with relapsed and/or refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL; Dickinson et al. N Engl J Med 2022). Here, we present an extended follow up, as well as subgroup analyses in patients with prior chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy and by baseline total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV). Methods: Patients with LBCL and ≥2 prior therapies received obinutuzumab pretreatment (1000mg) on Day (D) 1 of Cycle (C) 1. Intravenous glofitamab was then given as step-up doses during C1 (2.5mg on D8; 10mg on D15), followed by the target dose (30mg) on D1 of C2-12 (21-day cycles; total of 8.3 months). The primary endpoint was independent review committee (IRC)-assessed CR rate using Lugano criteria (Cheson et al. J Clin Oncol 2014). Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) events were assessed using American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy criteria (Lee et al. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2019). Exploratory analyses were performed to investigate the association between TMTV at baseline and progression-free survival (PFS) and CRS. As there is currently no consensus on the method for standardized uptake value (SUV) thresholding in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a variety of methods are used in clinical studies (Keijzer et al. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023). Here, we used IRC-assessed TMTV derived from baseline positron emission tomography images using a semi-automatic method with a threshold for TMTV of 2x the SUV mean of the liver. Results: As of May 1, 2023, 155 patients were enrolled; 154 patients had received ≥1 dose of study treatment. Baseline characteristics were as previously presented (Dickinson et al. N Engl J Med 2022): median prior therapies received was 3 (range: 2-7); 33% of patients had received prior CAR T-cell therapy, and 85% were refractory to their most recent regimen. Median time on study was 25.8 months (range: 0-35). The IRC-assessed overall response and CR rates were 52% and 40%, respectively. The majority of CRs (40/62; 65%) were ongoing at data cut-off. Median duration of CR (DoCR) was 26.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.4-not evaluable [NE]); an estimated 67% of patients with a CR at any time remained in remission at 18 months. PFS and overall survival rates at 12 months in patients with a CR at end of treatment (EOT) were 80% and 90%, respectively. In patients with prior CAR T-cell therapy (n=52), CR rates were consistent with the overall population (N=155; 37% vs 40%, respectively) and median DoCR was 22.0 months (95% CI: 6.7-NE). The safety profile of glofitamab was consistent with what has been described previously, with no new safety signals observed. Baseline TMTV was available for 144 patients and the median was 128.7mL (range: 0-3820; data cut-off: January 16, 2023). Higher TMTV was associated with an increased risk of experiencing a Grade ≥2 CRS event. The proportion of patients with Grade ≥2 CRS events in the first, second, third, and fourth TMTV quartiles was 2.8%, 11.1%, 16.7%, and 38.9%, respectively (Chi-square=16.273; degrees of freedom=1; p<0.0001). Patients with a baseline TMTV above or equal to the median (n=72) had a 12-month PFS rate of 16.8% (95% CI: 9.7-29.1), compared with 50.1% (95% CI: 39.5- 63.7) amongst patients with a baseline TMTV below the median (n=72; hazard ratio: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.7-3.9; Figure). Conclusions: Glofitamab continued to demonstrate durable responses in patients with R/R LBCL, with most patients with CR at EOT still in remission, and no new safety signals observed. These data indicate that there may be potential for favorable long-term outcomes with fixed-duration glofitamab for R/R LBCL. CR rates in patients with prior CAR T-cell therapy were durable and consistent with the overall population. Data from the subgroup analyses showed that higher baseline TMTV was associated with an increased risk of Grade ≥2 CRS and suggested that baseline TMTV may be prognostic for PFS. Updated analyses, with a follow-up of approximately 24 months post EOT, and further TMTV exploratory analyses will be presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".