Bibliographic record
Abstract
The phenomenon of locational amenorrhea, in which postpartum women experience temporary suppression of menstruation and fertility during breastfeeding, has long been recognized. This natural contraceptive effect is primarily attributed to elevated prolactin levels, which are stimulated by frequent suckling and inhibit the release of gonadotropinreleasing hormones and, subsequently, the menstrual cycle. However, the extent of lactational amenorrhea contraceptive efficacy varies among individuals owing to factors such as breastfeeding patterns, infant feeding behavior, and maternal health. Recent research has shed light on the underlying mechanisms governing the interplay between lactation and reproductive functions. Studies have shown that, while exclusively on-demand breastfeeding offers a higher level of contraceptive protection, introducing supplementary foods and reducing breastfeeding frequency can shorten the duration of lactational amenorrhea, potentially leading to earlier ovulation and conception. Additionally, the hormonal milieu during lactation may not be entirely suppressive, because occasional instances of follicular development and ovulation have been reported before the return of regular menstruation. Understanding the intricacies of reproductive function during lactation is important not only for family planning but also for optimizing maternal and infant health. The duration of exclusive breastfeeding has been associated with various health benefits for both the mother and the child, including enhanced immune protection, cognitive development, and a reduced risk of certain chronic diseases. Lactational amenorrhea serves as a physiological contraceptive method, but its efficacy is influenced by individual variations and breastfeeding practices. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex hormonal interactions and refine guidelines for optimal family planning during the postpartum period. Balancing the benefits of extended breastfeeding with a desire for family planning requires a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between lactation and reproductive physiology
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".