Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Adult and Pediatric Patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is when lesions occur for ≥6 weeks. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. CSU prevalence is similar in adult and pediatric patients; nevertheless, few data are available on CSU characteristics in pediatric patients. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment approach of CSU in pediatrics and adults. In this cross-sectional study, 193 patients with CSU were treated at the Sheba Medical Center, Israel, in 2009-2022. The information collected includes age at diagnosis, reported triggers, atopic co-morbidities, autoimmune co-morbidities, treatments and their response, family background, laboratory tests, and follow-up duration. The study group was divided into pediatrics (aged ≤ 18) and adults. Metabolic syndrome was most prevalent in adults as against atopy in pediatrics. Autoimmune co-morbidities were observed in 34.7% and 34.8% of adults and pediatrics, respectively. Inflammatory bowel disease and thyroid disease were the most common in pediatrics and adults, respectively. Systemic treatments other than antihistamines were administered more frequently in adults. Adults with autoimmune disease required second-line treatment with immunomodulators compared to those without it. Co-morbidities were more common in adults than in pediatrics. Patients with autoimmune co-morbidities may be more challenging to manage; thus, escalation to biologics should be considered soon.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".