Amylin receptor agonism enhances the effects of liraglutide in protecting against the acute metabolic side effects of olanzapine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Olanzapine is a second-generation antipsychotic (AP) used in the management of schizophrenia. Although effective at reducing psychoses, APs cause rapid hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, an effect mediated in part by glucagon. We tested if amylin, a hormone that reduces glucagon, or the amylin receptor agonist pramlintide would protect against acute olanzapine-induced impairments in glucose and lipid homeostasis alone or in combination with other glucose-lowering agents such as liraglutide. We demonstrated that pramlintide lowered olanzapine-induced increases in glucagon:insulin ratio with a trend to protect against excursions in blood glucose. There was an additive effect of pramlintide and liraglutide in protecting against olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia, which was mirrored by reductions in glucagon and attenuated markers of dyslipidemia. Our findings provide evidence that pramlintide, although moderately protective against some aspects of olanzapine-induced metabolic dysfunction, can be used to enhance the protective effects of other interventions against acute olanzapine-induced metabolic dysfunction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".