Pediatric Patients Hospitalized With Eating Disorders in Ontario, Canada, Over Time
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Importance: Understanding the evolving characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized for eating disorders is important to ensure that services and treatments align with patient needs. Objective: To examine temporal trends in the rates of hospitalizations for pediatric eating disorders by clinical and demographic characteristics in Ontario, Canada, over a 17-year period. Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based, repeated, cross-sectional study used linked health administrative and demographic databases in Ontario, Canada, to identify individuals aged 5 to 17 years hospitalized with eating disorder diagnoses from April 1, 2002, to March 31, 2020. Data analyses were performed from May 2021 to June 2023. Exposure: Fiscal year (April 1-March 31) of eating disorder hospitalization. Main Outcomes and Measures: Outcomes of interest were absolute and relative changes in pediatric eating disorder hospitalization rates overall and stratified by patient sex, age groups, and eating disorder diagnostic groups. Results: Over the study period, there were 11 654 pediatric eating disorder hospitalizations, of which 5268 (45.2%) were for anorexia nervosa and 1374 (11.8%) were for bulimia nervosa. There were a total of 10 648 hospitalizations (91.4%) among female patients, and the median (IQR) age was 15.0 (14-0-16.0) years. Hospitalization rates increased 139% from 2002 to 2019, from 2.0 per 10 000 population to 4.8 per 10 000 population. The largest relative changes were observed among male patients (416%; from 0.2 per 10 000 population to 1.1 per 10 000 population), individuals aged 12 to 14 years (196%; from 2.2 per 10 000 population to 6.6 per 10 000 population), and individuals with eating disorders other than anorexia or bulimia nervosa (255%; from 0.6 per 10 000 population to 2.1 per 10 000 population). Male patients, younger adolescents, and individuals with other eating disorders also represented larger proportions of hospitalizations by fiscal 2019. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study of eating disorder hospitalizations, pediatric hospitalizations increased over time, particularly among populations traditionally considered atypical. Existing eating disorder programs must adapt to accommodate changing patient presentations and increased volumes to ensure effective care delivery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".