Damage to the Maritime Ecosystems from the Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam and International Mechanisms of its Assessment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article focuses on possible mechanisms of international legal responsibility for the destruction of the dam of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Plant that happened in 2023 during the Russian aggression of Ukraine, Russian occupation, and attempted annexation of the Kherson Region. The authors described the realization norms of international humanitarian, criminal, maritime, ecological, and human rights law in the current reality of Ukraine and other Black Sea states. The article describes the relevant demands of Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land as annex to the Hague Convention (IV), Rome Statute and Geneva Conventions, Elements of Crime of International Criminal Court, UN Convention of the Law of the Sea and relevant ecologic conventions, activities of Ukrainian legal enforcement bodies and human rights defenders, also as ecocide crime conception. Authors stress the role of OSCE Parliamentary Assembly Vancouver Declaration, 2023, of PACE Resolution “Political consequences of the Russian Federation’s war of aggression against Ukraine” 2506 (2023), of European Parliament Resolution “On the Sustainable Reconstruction and Integration of Ukraine into the Euro-Atlantic Community,” 2023/2739 (RSP) and International Crimea Platform activities. The relevant ecologic and maritime legal procedures might not necessarily result in international courts and that the absence of international criminal responsibility for ecocide makes natural perspectives for relevant responsibility just in the framework of relevant war crime pointed out in Article 8(2)(b)(iv) of Rome Statute or on a national legal level. At the same time, a set of international bodies’ resolutions adopted mentioned the Kakhovka case. It connected it with ecocide, an international crime that shall make a relevant impulse for developing relevant international legal concepts at a minimum on a doctrinal level.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".