The coordinated design and optimisation of combined energy-absorbing structure with multi-level thin-walled tapered square tubes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To solve the problem of high peak force and large load fluctuation of combined energy-absorbing structures, a coordinated design strategy based on staggered compensation of load curves was proposed. First, an energy-absorbing unit of metal thin-walled tapered square tube was designed, and its crashworthiness was verified by experiment and simulation, and the peak force was reduced by introducing a groove inducing structure. Then, a combined structure with multi-level energy-absorbing units was proposed through layout arrangement and dimensional design. The parameter analysis was performed using a validated surrogate model. It is found that the thickness of the outer tube of the energy-absorbing units has a significant effect on peak crushing force (PCF), crushing force uniformity (CFU) and specific energy absorption (SEA). To improve the crashworthiness of the combined structure, a multi-objective optimisation was applied to achieve the maximum CFU and SEA values, and weight factors were introduced to select design schemes. The results show that the optimised combined structure reduces PCF by 44.48% and increases CFU by 50.78%, while improving the SEA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".