Origami-inspired radiant cooling structures for thermophotovoltaicsystems operating in space
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems convert infrared light emitted from a heated source and onto a photovoltaic (PV) cell into electricity. The advantages of TPV systems are their relatively high heat-to-power conversion efficiencies and simplistic structure. TPV systems are light-weight and can be made with no moving parts. The major components in TPV systems are a heated emitter and TPV cells. TPV systems are also often equipped with a cooling system to prevent the temperature of their PV cells from elevating. It is important to effectively cool the PV cells because the efficiency of TPV systems decreases substantially as the temperature of their PV cells increases. Due to their light weight and the fact that they can be made without moving parts, TPV systems have recently garnered attention for space applications. TPV systems on spacecrafts can harness heat from propulsion systems and concentrated solar energy. However, a challenge with using TPV systems in space is keeping their PV cells cool because there is limited room for the cooling system, there are weight restrictions, and because convective and conductive heat transfer to the surroundings are not viable options. Presently, very little research has been done regarding cooling systems specific to TPV systems in space. In this work, we investigate the potential of using retractable origami-inspired cooling structures with adjustable surface areas to radiatively cool TPV cells for space applications. The retractable nature of origami-based cooling structures allows adjustment of their cooling rate by varying their surface area, and they have the additional benefit of being space efficient during take-off. Origami-based cooling structures are currently used in space for radiative cooling as they provide the benefit of thermal and space control, although their application to TPV cells has yet to be investigated. Herein, literature on existing origami-inspired cooling structures used in space is reviewed, and the design and numerical evaluation of origami-based cooling structures for TPV system in space are presented. Numerical simulations are carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics Software to determine the heat transfer to space that occur when origami structures are integrated with TPV systems that are powered by a heat source with temperatures ranging from 1000K to 2500K. The configuration and size of the cooling system are designed to keep the TPV cell temperature at 300K. The results show that origami-based radiant cooling structures can be integrated into TPV systems to achieve high heat-to-power conversion efficiencies while being space efficient.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".