Neuropsychological signs of the neurodegenerative process in Alzheimer’s disease at the stage of mild cognitive impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Currently, a huge number of works by domestic and foreign authors are devoted to the study of the neuropsychological heterogeneity of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The purpose of our study was to study the neuropsychological characteristics of AD at the stage of MCI depending on the timing of manifestation. The study involved 173 patients with asthma at the stage of MCI, of which 65 patients had early onset and 108 patients had late onset. All study participants underwent the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Free Recall Test with selective cues and immediate recall (FCSRT-IR), the route-following test (drawing paths): part A and B; categorical and phonemic verbal fluency, digit recall (DST). The average age of patients with early onset of asthma was 65.1±0.3 years, with late onset — 78.6±0.5 years. According to the results of the study, it was found that patients with a late form of asthma coped with MoCA worse than a patient with an early form (p=0.043). Patients with late onset AD produced fewer words independently in the FCSRT-IR test compared to patients with early onset (p<0.001). Analysis of DST test performance in forward (p=0.41) and reverse order (p=0.197) did not show significant differences. We found that patients with early AD made more errors (p=0.000) and took longer to complete the route-following test, both parts A and B. There was no significant difference when assessing categorical verbal fluency (p=0.67). At the same time, patients with early onset AD named fewer words when assessing phonemic verbal fluency (p=0.000). The results of our study indicate the need for comprehensive, extensive neuropsychological testing in patients with suspected AD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".