Additional <i>Albertosaurus sarcophagus</i> (Tyrannosauridae, Albertosaurinae) material from the Danek bonebed of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada with evidence of cannibalism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Albertosaurus sarcophagus Osborn, 1905 specimens from the Danek Bonebed of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada were first described in 2014. Since this initial report, the University of Alberta's annual field work has continued to yield additional tyrannosaurid material from the Danek Bonebed. In addition to nearly 200 tyrannosaurid shed teeth, five diagnostic tyrannosaurid cranial and postcranial bones have been identified to date. Three cranial bones were included in the initial description; here, the newly uncovered left and right tyrannosaurid pubes (UALVP 52709 and UALVP 56262, respectively) are described and mapped in relation to the previously known material. The pubes can be confidently diagnosed as tyrannosaurid based on a posterior bow of the pubic shaft and further classified as albertosaurine by a weakly expanded obturator plate. A. sarcophagus is the only tyrannosaurid and albertosaurine known from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation, which allows for the material to be confidently assigned to this taxon. The left pubis (UALVP 52709) possesses multiple tooth traces on the medial surface that were likely made post-mortem as the medial surface of the pubis would have been deep within the body cavity of the animal and reactive (healing) bone is absent. Given the numerous large gouge-like tooth traces on the medial surface of the pubis and the abundance of cf. Albertosaurus teeth from the bonebed, it seems likely that an A. sarcophagus took this opportunity to feed on a conspecific, providing evidence for the first case of cannibalism from an albertosaurine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.014 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".