Dissolution of Selected Trace Elements from Simulated Atmospheric Aerosol Aging and Human Exposure of Mineral Dust and Coal Fly Ash
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Atmospheric particles from natural and anthropogenic sources contain reactive trace elements (TE) of importance to aerosol multiphase chemistry, health risk assessment of inhalation and ingestion, and ocean productivity. While the dissolution of TE from model and field-collected particles in various aqueous phase conditions of relevance to aerosol liquid water and bodily fluids have received attention, there remain knowledge gaps on (a) benchmark materials and methods for standardizing dissolution experiments and (b) the relevance of dissolution time scales in previously published reports to real-time, long range transport and human exposure. Here, we use fully characterized reference solid materials, namely, Arizona test dust (AZTD) and combustion coal fly ash samples from India, the U.S., and Europe, representative of atmospheric aerosol particles from natural and combustion sources. Using ICP-MS and optimized analytical procedures that address technical challenges with selectivity and sensitivity, we quantified the concentrations of dissolved TE Fe, Cu, Mn, As, and Pb under simulated atmospheric aging (14 days) and human exposure experiments using saliva (5 min), lung fluid (10 min), and gastric juice (1 h). We found that levels of dissolved TE normalized to the total dissolvable levels under strong acid extraction are much higher in simulated aged aerosol water than in bodily fluids of unreacted particles. The significance of these results is discussed in the context of aerosol multiphase chemistry, health impacts, and ocean biogeochemistry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".