Animal-sourced model of human norovirus infection predicted using environmental DNA metabarcoding analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HNVs) are one of the major causes of food poisoning and severe gastroenteritis. However, prevention and medical treatment of HNV disease is underdeveloped due to the lack of ecological understanding of the HNVs including their host organisms. We address the potential source animals of HNVs based on the environmental DNA metabarcoding analysis. By focusing on the HNV-epidemic area in Japan, we found several bird species of ducks, pochards, carrion crow, and swan showing significant cross-correlation with the HNV detection from cultured oysters. Humans and livestock mammals do not exhibit correlation with HNVs. These results suggest an avian-sourced, non-human- or sewage-mediated model of HNV infection. Unraveling the unknown host animals of pathogens like HNV facilitates artificial propagation of the pathogen, leading to vaccine and small molecule drug development.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".