The Parent-Child Relationship, Locus of Control and Self-Defeating Behaviour in Individual with Substance Use Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The study explores the influence of parent-child relationships (PCR) and locus of control (internal and external) on self-defeating behaviours (SDB) among individuals with substance use disorders in the Pakistani community. These relationships are pivotal in understanding behaviour patterns related to substance abuse. Objective: The objective is to examine the correlations and potential mediation effects between PCR, internal locus of control (ILOC), external locus of control (ELOC), and SDB in individuals with substance use disorders. Methods: A correlational research design with purposive sampling was used, involving 150 participants from various clinics and hospitals in Lahore. The study employed Pearson product-moment correlation analysis, linear regression, and mediation analysis. Instruments included the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, Levenson Multidimensional Locus of Control Scale, and Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory Scale. Results: PCR showed a moderate positive correlation with ILOC (r = .40) and ELOC (r = .32), and a negative correlation with SDB (r = -.18). Age negatively correlated with SDB (r = -.21) and positively with marital status (r = .15). Stepwise regression analysis revealed Age (b = 1.3, β = .29***) and Life Satisfaction (b = -13.6, β = -.28***) as significant predictors of SDB. Mediation analysis indicated PCR significantly predicts ILOC (B = .09, R² = .26***) and ELOC (B = .11, R² = .25***), but these did not significantly mediate the relationship between PCR and SDB. Conclusion: The study underscores the significant role of PCR and locus of control in the manifestation of SDB among substance users. It highlights the complex interplay of family dynamics, personal control perceptions, and individual well-being, providing insights for targeted interventions in the Pakistani context.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".